The Niazi Journal of Medical & Dental Sciences (NJMDS) is a peer-reviewed, gold open-access journal and the official publication of Niazi Medical & Dental College, Pakistan. NJMDS welcomes original research articles, reviews, case reports, communications, viewpoints, letters to the editor, and editorials in English. These contributions aim to advance and inform current research, clinical practice, and policy in the medical and dental sciences. NJMDS particularly encourages submissions that offer interdisciplinary perspectives and foster connections between clinical practice and scientific innovation.